From CSP Gun Talk, a frequent poster, SoCal M1 Shooter, notes and links to this article.
Don’t Try This at Home
Garage chemistry used to be a rite of passage for geeky kids. But in their search for terrorist cells and meth labs, authorities are making a federal case out of DIY science.
By Steve SilbermanThe first startling thing Joy White saw out of her bedroom window was a man running toward her door with an M16. White’s husband, a physicist named Bob Lazar, was already outside, awakened by their barking dogs. Suddenly police officers and men in camouflage swarmed up the path, hoisting a battering ram. “Come out with your hands up immediately, Miss White!� one of them yelled through a megaphone, while another handcuffed the physicist in his underwear. Recalling that June morning in 2003, Lazar says, “If they were expecting to find Osama bin Laden, they brought along enough guys.�
The target of this operation, which involved more than two dozen police officers and federal agents, was not an international terrorist ring but the couple’s home business, United Nuclear Scientific Supplies, a mail-order outfit that serves amateur scientists, students, teachers, and law enforcement professionals. From the outside, company headquarters – at the end of a dirt road high in the Sandia Mountains east of Albuquerque – looks like any other ranch house in New Mexico, with three dogs, a barbecue, and an SUV in the driveway. But not every suburban household boasts its own particle accelerator. A stroll through the backyard reveals what looks like a giant Van de Graaff generator with a pipe spiraling out of it, marked with CAUTION: RADIATION signs. A sticker on the SUV reads POWERED BY HYDROGEN, while another sign by the front gate warns, TRESPASSERS WILL BE USED FOR SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS.
It may come a a small surprise to my current circle of acquaintances, but I was a science geek. It’s true. I was a constant tinkerer, and I was fortuante indeed to have high school chemistry teacher who didn’t discourage my quest for knowledge to use in my extra-curricular activities.
A local laboratory supply company compled with a teen-aged boy’s desire to purchase iodine crystals, 40% ammonia solution, fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. An outdoor sink behind the house was often the scene of some really bizarre experiments in amateur pyrotechnics. I suppose that in view of the above article, a kid would find himself the subject of federal prosecution today. The Mommy State wants future scientists and engineers to fertilize their imaginations with much safer pursuits.
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The lure of do-it-yourself chemistry has always been the most potent recruiting tool science has to offer. Many kids attracted by the promise of filling the garage with clouds of ammonium sulfide – the proverbial stink bomb – went on to brilliant careers in mathematics, biology, programming, and medicine.
Intel cofounder Gordon Moore set off his first boom in Silicon Valley two decades before pioneering the design of the integrated circuit. One afternoon in 1940, near the spot where Interstate 280 intersects Sand Hill Road today, the future father of the semiconductor industry knelt beside a cache of homemade dynamite and lit the fuse. He was 11 years old.
Moore’s pyrotechnic adventures grew out of his experiments with a neighbor’s chemistry set. He turned a shed beside the family house into a lab, stocking it with chemicals mail-ordered from San Francisco and filling an old dresser with beakers and funnels. Now retired, the 77-year-old Moore looks back on his days and nights in the shed as a time when he learned to think and work like a scientist. “The things I made, like nitroglycerin, took a fair amount of lab technique,� he recalls. “I specialized in explosives because they were fun, and I liked doing things that got results in a hurry.�
Many of Moore’s illustrious peers also first got interested in science by performing experiments at home. After reading a book called The Boy Scientist at age 10, Vint Cerf – who became one of the architects of the Internet – spent months blowing up thermite volcanoes and launching backyard rockets. Growing up in Colorado, David Packard – the late cofounder of Hewlett-Packard – concocted new recipes for gunpowder. The neurologist Oliver Sacks writes about his adolescent love affair with “stinks and bangs� in Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood. “There’s no question that stinks and bangs and crystals and colors are what drew kids – particularly boys – to science,� says Roald Hoffmann of Cornell University, who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1981. “Now the potential for stinks and bangs has been legislated out.�
That’s it. To mix a political metaphor, in order for “No Child Left Behind,” we have to make sure that we put a speed limit on the mental racetrack. We did things as kids that would be prosecutable offenses today. Hell, they were probably prosecutable back then, but every adult wasn’t afraid of boys being boys and science wasn’t something that was supposed to take place only in an official laboratory by “knowledgeable persons” with the “proper safeguards” and of course, the caring eye of a government watchdog agency.
Although my career steered pretty far afield from those teenage forays into the world of energetic chemistry, the fact that Dad and Mom and the world at large allowed me to not only HAVE a curiosity but to EXERCISE that curiosity has made me the technical success that I am today.
Popular Science columnist Theodore Gray, who is one of United Nuclear’s regular customers, uses potassium perchlorate to demonstrate the abundance of energy stored in sugar and fat. He chops up Snickers bars, sprinkles in the snowy crystals, and ignites the mixture, which bursts into a tower of flame – the same rapid exothermic reaction that propels model rockets skyward. “Why is it that I can walk into Wal-Mart and buy boxes of bullets and black powder, but I can’t buy potassium perchlorate to do science because it can also be used to make explosives?� he asks. “How many people are injured each year doing extreme sports or playing high school football? But mention mixing up chemicals in your home lab, and people have a much lower index of acceptable risk.�
The push to restrict access to chemicals by those who have no academic or scientific credentials gained momentum in the mid-’90s following the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City. In the years since 9/11, the Defense Department, FBI, and other government agencies have strategized ways of tracking even small purchases of potentially dangerous chemicals. “The fact that there are amateurs and retired professors out there who need access to these chemicals is a valid problem,� acknowledges Rice University chemistry professor James Tour, who consulted with the Pentagon and the Justice Department, “but there aren’t many of those guys weighed against the possible dangers.�
Well, let ME have a comment for Mr. James Tour. You’re forgetting a big POSSIBLE DANGER: The danger that by stifling the curiosity of inquiring minds, you’re killing a future Einstein or Nobel. Yeah, I know that it’s heresy to say so, but there’s still a chance that meaningful research CAN take place by private individuals who don’t have “academis or scientific credentials”. Somewhere out there are thoroughbred minds, and America’s “safety” mentality is hitching them to ploughs.
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“To criminalize the necessary materials of discovery is one of the worst things you can do in a free society,� says Shawn Carlson, a 1999 MacArthur fellow and founder of the Society for Amateur Scientists. “The Mr. Coffee machine that every Texas legislator has near his desk has three violations of the law built into it: a filter funnel, a Pyrex beaker, and a heating element. The laws against meth should be the deterrent to making it – not criminalizing activities that train young people to appreciate science.�
That, my friends, is a very close relative to the anti-gun argument. The crime is the wrongful USE of the object, not the object itself. By criminalizing the object, they make sure that no possible useful function of the object can be explored, unless within the sanctions of the government’s watchdogs. And let me tell you, that’s not the way to foster innovation.
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Paradoxically, at a time when young people are particularly excited about technology, their enthusiasm for learning about the science behind it is waning. Thirty years ago, the US ranked third in the world in the number of science and engineering degrees awarded in the 18-to-24 age group. Now the country ranks 17th, according to the National Science Board. A 2004 report called Trends in International Mathematics and Science Education Study found that while fourth graders in the US rank sixth in basic science scores when measured against their peers worldwide, by the time they’re in eighth grade, they’ve slipped to ninth place. Prompted by concern that America is falling behind, President Bush proposed a $380 million “competitiveness initiative� this year that promises to train 70,000 new teachers of Advanced Placement science and math. By the time students have the opportunity to enroll in an AP course, however, many have already absorbed the message that science is best left to trained professionals.
“You have to capture kids’ imaginations very young or you lose them forever,� says Steve Spangler, a former protégé of Mr. Wizard who is now a science correspondent for the NBC affiliate in Denver. “But that’s hard when you have teachers required to check out vinegar and baking soda from the front office because something bad might happen in class. Slowly but surely the teaching tools are being taken away, so schools end up saying, ‘Let’s get a college professor to do this demonstration, and kids can watch the streaming video.’�
Yep! That’s sure to stir young minds. You see it on the screen, that’s the same as actually DOING a thing. Education via X-Box. Pursuit of happiness, as long as it fits the bread and circuses of modern Rome.
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“Kids read about the great scientists and their discoveries throughout history, and marvel that people once did these things,� Lazar says. “But they marvel a little too much. Taking chemicals and lab equipment away from kids who love science is like taking crayons and paints away from a kid who may grow up to be an artist.�
I fear that we’ve gotten so zealous in our pursuit of the safe and normal that we are in real danger of stifling the inconveniently strange and eccentric minds that have propelled manking forward in great leaps.
Ain’t the world I want…